Week 10 - Ecological management of Lake Baikal, Russia


Russia recognized the importance of eco-environmental protection in Lake Baikal as early as the Soviet Union, and adopted a series of measures to restrict the pollution of polluted Baikal. However, due to improper treatment methods and lack of funds, the environmental protection, and restoration of Baikal Lake did not Achieve the desired results. After the establishment of the Russian Federation, the federal government has formulated a comprehensive comprehensive plan for the rational use of natural resources in Baikal from the aspects of law, system and policy, science and technology monitoring and restoration technology.



Some of the main protection methods include:

- Legal mechanism
Resolution 52: Define the scope of protected waters and strictly control the use of natural resources.

Resolution 679: By 1985, it stopped the discharge of sewage into Lake Baikal and into the river to control air pollution.

Federal Law No. 94: This law clarifies the restrictions on economic activities and environmental protection in the Baikal region, and provides favorable legal guarantees for the environmental, economic, social and cultural sustainability of the region. And it has derived a series of government decrees and resolutions based on this law.

- Regular environmental inspection, ecological monitoring, environmental supervision
In 2015, the Supervisory Authority conducted an environmental inspection of 176 federal projects in Irkutsk Oblast, including housing, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, business centers, infrastructure facilities and other social and economic construction areas. Environmental testing can help curb water pollution caused by social and economic development and urban construction, and help to improve the ecological environment of Lake Baikal from the source. On the technical level, satellite technology is used to remotely measure the ecological environment of Baikal from space, monitor and predict natural disasters, identify regional environmental conditions and monitor forest harvesting and natural dumping. In 2015, the executive authorities of the Russian Federation investigated and dealt with 316 violations, 181 administrative penalties. Environmental supervision can stop environmental damage behaviors every year. With the improvement and refinement of laws and the increase of law enforcement, environmental supervision plays an important role in protecting the ecological environment of Lake Baikal.

-Ecological environmental education
UNESCO has established two teachings and research sections in the Baikal region., which designed to conduct research on water resources and ecological ethics and to train experts and scholars in ecological research. In terms of basic education, Irkutsk Oblast and Buryatia launched various forms of ecological education activities for primary and secondary school students: holding ecological week activities to increase students' overall understanding of ecology; holding ecological film week, drama festival, photography exhibition, Olympics; Students conduct environmental initiatives; hold ecological-themed academic conferences and seminars. According to statistics, there are 268,782 small and medium-sized students and 6,707 ecological groups in the whole state of Irkutsk participating in the above activities.


References


UNESCO. Lake Baikal (Russian federation). https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/3473

ECOLEX. Federal Law No. 94-FZ on the protection of the Baikal lake.
https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/federal-law-no-94-fz-on-the-protection-of-the-baikal-lake-lex-faoc039169/

Kirillov, S., Slipenchuk, M., Zengina, T. (2016). Management of the sustainable development of the Baikal natural territory in Russia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288840187_Management_of_the_sustainable_development_of_the_Baikal_natural_territory_in_Russia


Image:
Lake Baikal, from the overlook close to Listvyanka
https://www.tripadvisor.co.za/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g298527-d11677761-i267189930-Baikal_Secrets-Irkutsk_Irkutsk_Oblast_Siberian_District.html


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