Week 8.1 – Somalia refugee governance


Somalia, located in the horn of Africa, is one of the world's least developed countries. Frequent political crises and continuous civil wars, complicated geopolitical environment, and intervention of other countries, as well as serious natural disasters, have resulted in several large-scale refugee flow in Somalia. Moreover, in recent years, most host countries have tightened their refugee policies, which makes it more difficult to govern the refugee problem in Somalia.


Multi-participation
The UNHCR is the main international agency for Somali refugees governance, and its assistance programs fall into two main categories: Care and Maintenance Programs and Enduring Resolution Plans. The Care and Maintenance Program is designed to address refugee settlement and survival issues and the Enduring Solutions focus on fundamentally addressing refugee issues, including helping refugees achieve voluntary repatriation, local integration or third-country placement. For countries receiving refugees, UNHCR called on surrounding refugee-receiving countries to comply with refugee protection-related treaties and to supervise implementation, urging these countries to establish refugee administrations and enact relevant legislation. UNHCR gradually promoted durable solutions and adjusted the tradition of Somalia refugees. The rescue system pays more attention to the ability of refugees to help themselves. UNHCR provides vocational and skills training to refugees, encouraging women and young people to find employment opportunities in camps, participate in camp management and engage in economic activities. Then, provide financial facilities for those who succeed in making a living in the receiving country and start a small family business, encouraging them to use capital and technology for reconstruction in Somalia.

Regional efforts
Over the years, the African Union and IGAD have focused more on the political sphere. They are committed to stopping the war in Somalia, promoting political reconciliation, promoting political reconstruction, and improving the African Union refugee regulations.

Neighboring countries
The surrounding countries bear the primary responsibility for refugee asylum and refugee assistance, and other developed countries provide assistance in material and financial support. Since the early 1990s, countries such as Kenya and Ethiopia have been receiving refugees from Somalia. Whenever there is a famine in Somalia and a large number of refugees come, Ethiopia can basically keep the border open, facilitate the entry of refugees, and abide by the “non-return principle” to fulfill its obligation to protect refugees.


It can be seen that in the governance process of the Somali refugee issue, international agencies with UNHCR as the core and various regional organizations have given various kinds of assistance to Somali refugees in different fields. To fundamentally solve the refugee problem, Somalia itself must maximize political stability, strengthen institutional building and enhance national governance capacity. At the same time, Somalia also needs to make efforts to develop its economy and create a stable political, security and economic environment for returnees. Secondly, international agencies will play a greater role in the emergency relief, resettlement and sustainable development of refugees by building multi-participatory long-term mechanisms with various regional organizations and countries and formulating refugee settlement plans.


ReferencesHalden, P. (2008) .Somalia: Failed State or Nascent States－System? FOI Somalia Papers, Report 1, p. 46. UNCHR. (2011). Somali Refugees in the Region.http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/ files/resources/map_ 1514. UNHCR. (2011). UNHCR in Somalia: Fact Sheet.http: / /www. refworld.org UNHCR.(2012). Somalia Briefing Sheet.http://data2.unhcr.org /fr/documents/download /31543. UNHCR.(2013).Somalia Fact Sheet.http://reliefweb. int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ UNHCR_ Briefing_ Sheet_ May. Image:Somalia: Somali Refugee camps not breeding terrorists.https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi4so3a88ThAhXGT30KHYLyB5gQjhx6BAgBEAM&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ausgefallene-geschenke.info%2Fimagerdb-refugee-camps-in-africa.html&psig=AOvVaw2C1j9iJBB0Ru_BXn3ExHou&ust=1554964281677568


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